IF DAX Function (Logical)
Checks whether a condition is met, and returns one value if TRUE, and another value if FALSE.
Syntax
| Parameter | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|
| LogicalTest |
Any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE. |
|
| ResultIfTrue |
The value that is returned if the logical test is TRUE. |
|
| ResultIfFalse | Optional |
The value that is returned if the logical test is FALSE. |
Return values
Either ResultIfTrue or ResultIfFalse expression result, depending on LogicalTest.
Remarks
Using IF can generate multiple branches of code execution that could result in slower performance at query time.
Then IF can return BLANK as one of the results, there are cases where using DIVIDE to obtain the same result could produce a faster query plan.
The following code returns BLANK if LogicalTest is false.
IF ( <LogicalTest>, <ResultIfTrue> )
The previous code is semantically equivalent to the following expression:
DIVIDE ( <ResultIfTrue>, <LogicalTest> )
» 3 related functions
Examples
-- IF evaluates one of two branches, depending on the condition
EVALUATE
ADDCOLUMNS (
VALUES ( 'Product'[Brand] ),
"Sales 1", [Sales Amount],
"Sales 2",
VAR SalesAmount = [Sales Amount]
RETURN
IF ( SalesAmount > 3000000, 3000000, SalesAmount ),
"Sales 3", MIN ( [Sales Amount], 3000000 )
)
ORDER BY 'Product'[Brand]
| Brand | Sales 1 | Sales 2 | Sales 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. Datum | 2,096,184.64 | 2,096,184.64 | 2,096,184.64 |
| Adventure Works | 4,011,112.28 | 3,000,000.00 | 3,000,000.00 |
| Contoso | 7,352,399.03 | 3,000,000.00 | 3,000,000.00 |
| Fabrikam | 5,554,015.73 | 3,000,000.00 | 3,000,000.00 |
| Litware | 3,255,704.03 | 3,000,000.00 | 3,000,000.00 |
| Northwind Traders | 1,040,552.13 | 1,040,552.13 | 1,040,552.13 |
| Proseware | 2,546,144.16 | 2,546,144.16 | 2,546,144.16 |
| Southridge Video | 1,384,413.85 | 1,384,413.85 | 1,384,413.85 |
| Tailspin Toys | 325,042.42 | 325,042.42 | 325,042.42 |
| The Phone Company | 1,123,819.07 | 1,123,819.07 | 1,123,819.07 |
| Wide World Importers | 1,901,956.66 | 1,901,956.66 | 1,901,956.66 |
-- The "else" branch is optional.
-- If not specified, it defaults to BLANK
EVALUATE
ADDCOLUMNS (
VALUES ( 'Product'[Brand] ),
"Sales 1", [Sales Amount],
"Sales 2",
VAR SalesAmount = [Sales Amount]
RETURN
IF ( SalesAmount > 3000000, 3000000 )
)
ORDER BY 'Product'[Brand]
| Brand | Sales 1 | Sales 2 |
|---|---|---|
| A. Datum | 2,096,184.64 | (Blank) |
| Adventure Works | 4,011,112.28 | 3,000,000 |
| Contoso | 7,352,399.03 | 3,000,000 |
| Fabrikam | 5,554,015.73 | 3,000,000 |
| Litware | 3,255,704.03 | 3,000,000 |
| Northwind Traders | 1,040,552.13 | (Blank) |
| Proseware | 2,546,144.16 | (Blank) |
| Southridge Video | 1,384,413.85 | (Blank) |
| Tailspin Toys | 325,042.42 | (Blank) |
| The Phone Company | 1,123,819.07 | (Blank) |
| Wide World Importers | 1,901,956.66 | (Blank) |
-- The two branches of IF can use different datatypes for
-- their result. In that case, the IF function returns a
-- VARIANT datatype
EVALUATE
ADDCOLUMNS (
VALUES ( 'Product'[Brand] ),
"Sales 1", [Sales Amount],
"Sales 2",
VAR SalesAmount = [Sales Amount]
RETURN
IF ( SalesAmount > 3000000, 3000000, "Less than 3K" )
)
ORDER BY 'Product'[Brand]
| Brand | Sales 1 | Sales 2 |
|---|---|---|
| A. Datum | 2,096,184.64 | Less than 3K |
| Adventure Works | 4,011,112.28 | 3000000 |
| Contoso | 7,352,399.03 | 3000000 |
| Fabrikam | 5,554,015.73 | 3000000 |
| Litware | 3,255,704.03 | 3000000 |
| Northwind Traders | 1,040,552.13 | Less than 3K |
| Proseware | 2,546,144.16 | Less than 3K |
| Southridge Video | 1,384,413.85 | Less than 3K |
| Tailspin Toys | 325,042.42 | Less than 3K |
| The Phone Company | 1,123,819.07 | Less than 3K |
| Wide World Importers | 1,901,956.66 | Less than 3K |
IF returns a scalar value, it cannot be used to return a table.
DAX tries to convert the table to a scalar value, and it fails if there are multiple rows. The following code query an error.
EVALUATE
VAR SelectedYear = SELECTEDVALUE ( 'Date'[Calendar Year Number] )
VAR CurrentYear = YEAR ( TODAY () )
VAR Period =
IF (
SelectedYear = CurrentYear,
DATESYTD ( 'Date'[Date] ), -- Table
VALUES ( 'Date'[Date] ) -- Table
)
VAR Result = CALCULATE ( [Sales Amount], Period )
RETURN { Result }
Related articles
Learn more about IF in the following articles:
-
Optimizing IF conditions by using variables
This article describes a very common optimization pattern that relies on variables to optimize conditional expressions in DAX. » Read more
-
Understanding eager vs. strict evaluation in DAX
This article describes the differences between eager evaluation and strict evaluation in DAX, empowering you to choose the best evaluation type for your data models. » Read more
-
Optimizing IF and SWITCH expressions using variables
This article describes how variables should be used in DAX expressions involving IF and SWITCH statements in order to improve performance. » Read more
-
From SQL to DAX: Implementing NULLIF and COALESCE in DAX
This article describes how to implement a syntax equivalent to the T-SQL function NULLIF and the ANSI SQL function COALESCE, in DAX. » Read more
-
Optimizing mutually exclusive calculations
This article describes how to optimize DAX expressions with mutually exclusive calculations that might cause slow query performance. » Read more
-
Optimizing conditions involving blank values in DAX
This article describes how blank values considered in a DAX conditional expression can affect its query plan and how to apply possible optimizations to improve performance in these cases. » Read more
-
Understanding how DAX evaluates IF statements
In this article, we examine the details of executing DAX code, with a focus on how the IF function is implemented in various scenarios. » Read more
Related functions
Other related functions are:
Last update: Jul 1, 2025 » Contribute » Show contributors
Contributors: Alberto Ferrari, Marco Russo
Microsoft documentation: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/if-function-dax